Experts in the power industry have raised concerns about the use of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas in high-voltage circuit breakers, highlighting its environmental and safety drawbacks. SF6 is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential of over 23,000 times that of carbon dioxide, and is used as an insulating and arc-quenching medium in switchgear and circuit breakers that operate at high voltage levels.

While SF6 has desirable properties such as high dielectric strength, thermal stability, and non-flammability, its disadvantages are significant. SF6 is a toxic gas that can cause severe health effects if inhaled, such as asphyxiation, pulmonary edema, and blindness. It is also a potent greenhouse gas that can remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years, contributing to climate change and ozone depletion.

Furthermore, the use of SF6 circuit breakers requires special handling and maintenance procedures due to the risk of gas leaks and explosions. The gas is stored in high-pressure cylinders and must be handled with care to avoid leaks or releases. In case of a fault or failure, SF6 circuit breakers can emit hazardous byproducts such as sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, and fluorine compounds.

According to a report by the International Energy Agency, SF6 emissions from the electricity sector amounted to 10.3 million metric tons in 2018, equivalent to the annual emissions of 2.3 million cars. The use of SF6 in switchgear and circuit breakers accounts for about 80% of the total SF6 emissions from the power sector, the report said.

Several countries and regions have taken steps to phase out or reduce the use of SF6 in switchgear and circuit breakers. For example, the European Union has set a target to reduce SF6 emissions by 55% by 2030 and ban the use of SF6 in new equipment from 2025. Similarly, California has regulated the use of SF6 in transmission and distribution equipment.

Experts are calling for more countries and utilities to adopt alternative technologies that can replace SF6 circuit breakers without compromising reliability and safety. Possible options include vacuum interrupters, gas-insulated switchgear with alternative gases, and hybrid switchgear that combines different technologies.

"We cannot ignore the drawbacks of SF6 any longer," said a spokesperson for a leading energy company. "It is our responsibility to reduce our environmental footprint and protect public health. There are viable alternatives to SF6 that are available and affordable, and we should explore them more actively."